"THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF ISLAMIC STATE: A RESEARCH REVIEW OF ANTONY BLACK AND DANIEL PIPES'S THOUGHTS"

"اسلامی ریاست میں بین الاقوامی تعلقات :اینٹونی بلیک اور ڈ ینئیل پائپس کے افکار کا تحقیقی جائزہ"

Abstract

The scenery of national and international relations of an Islamic state, according to Professor Antony Black and Daniel Pipes, reveals diverse yet interconnected perspectives. Professor Black emphasizes the role of Islamic principles, predominantly Shariah and justice, in shaping both domestic policies and international relations. According to Black, Islamic states intend to create peaceful and just relations with the outside world, guided by religious standards that prioritize sprite and cooperation. However, interior divisions and differing interpretations of Islam can complicate these relations. In contrast, Daniel Pipes adopts a more critical stance, highlighting the ideological and political divergences between Islamic states and the West. Pipes disagree that Islamic states often base their foreign policy on religious and doctrinal basics which can lead to clashes with Western secularism and international norms. For Pipes, the relationship between Islamic states and the broader global community is fraught with challenges, as Islamic states prioritize their religious identity in political and ambassadorial interactions, often ensuing in tensions with non-Islamic nations. Both scholars agree that Islamic states’ national and international relations are severely prejudiced by the interaction of religion and politics, but they depart in their evaluation of the harmony or clash inherent in these relationships. Black emphasizes an impending for peaceful coexistence, while Pipes focus on the challenges and confrontation stem from ideological differences.

Key Words:
Islamic State, International Relations, Caliphate, Political Theory, Shariah, Global Politics, War, Radical Movements, Oriantalism.