Al-Behishat Research Archive

THE UNIQUE CHARACTER OF "WAZIR KHANUM" FROM "KAI CHAND THAY SAR-E-ASMAAN"

2025-05-14T21:19:01+03:00

Shamsur Rehman Farooqi, the author of “Kai Chand Thay Sar Asmaan”, is a landmark figure in the Urdu world whose work, academic achievements and creative distinctions have been recognized at all levels. After a long time, a novel has come out in Urdu that has created a stir in the literary atmosphere of India and Pakistan. Can it be compared to the stir that “Umrao Jan Ada” created in its time? And this novel is written by a person whom we know first and foremost as a critic and researcher. Shamsur Rehman Farooqi has revealed himself as a novelist and researcher here is giving full support to the novelist Farooqi. It is generally said that research, criticism and creation do not go hand in hand. But the novel under consideration should be considered an exception to what has been seen as a general rule. Here we see history creatively molded into fiction, so “Kai Chand Thay Sar Asmaan” is a novel of a different kind. We can call it a document of the last years of the Mughal Empire, which was about to collapse. Shamsur-ur-Rehman Farooqui has complete mastery over details. He has presented the life of Wazir Khanum with such delicacy, delicacy and all the fine details that we get a complete picture of an entire civilization, which we can call the Indo-Muslim civilization, and its full brilliance and prosperity in its last days.... And what a role the role of Wazir Khanum is that she alone seems to be the embodiment of this civilization in her own right.

Key Words:Shamsur Rehman Farooqi, “Kai Chand Thay Sar Asmaan”, "Wazir Khanum", “Umrao Jan Ada”, Mughal Empire, embodiment, civilization.

"THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF ISLAMIC STATE: A RESEARCH REVIEW OF ANTONY BLACK AND DANIEL PIPES'S THOUGHTS"

2025-04-14T11:19:48+03:00

The scenery of national and international relations of an Islamic state, according to Professor Antony Black and Daniel Pipes, reveals diverse yet interconnected perspectives. Professor Black emphasizes the role of Islamic principles, predominantly Shariah and justice, in shaping both domestic policies and international relations. According to Black, Islamic states intend to create peaceful and just relations with the outside world, guided by religious standards that prioritize sprite and cooperation. However, interior divisions and differing interpretations of Islam can complicate these relations. In contrast, Daniel Pipes adopts a more critical stance, highlighting the ideological and political divergences between Islamic states and the West. Pipes disagree that Islamic states often base their foreign policy on religious and doctrinal basics which can lead to clashes with Western secularism and international norms. For Pipes, the relationship between Islamic states and the broader global community is fraught with challenges, as Islamic states prioritize their religious identity in political and ambassadorial interactions, often ensuing in tensions with non-Islamic nations. Both scholars agree that Islamic states’ national and international relations are severely prejudiced by the interaction of religion and politics, but they depart in their evaluation of the harmony or clash inherent in these relationships. Black emphasizes an impending for peaceful coexistence, while Pipes focus on the challenges and confrontation stem from ideological differences.

Key Words:
Islamic State, International Relations, Caliphate, Political Theory, Shariah, Global Politics, War, Radical Movements, Oriantalism.

A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MUHAMMAD MANSHAYAD'S STORIES

2025-04-26T08:29:21+03:00

Muhammad Mansha Yaad is one of the famous short story writer in Pakistan. He highlighted the core issues of Pakistani society in his stories. He wrote on the rural issues and on the lack of facilities in rural area as well he also wrote on the city life and on the darker sides under the lights. Mansha yaad proofs himself through his style and the selection of the topics. He belongs to a village situated in Punjab is one of the reason that he portrayed beautifully the social issues of the rural life in his short stories. He wrote on lot of social issues such as politics, literature, religion, urban and rural problems, poverty, and on many more. His style of writing is as unique as the critic of the Urdu literature like his way of writing. Mansha Yad has vividly depicted the social oppression and the paralysed state of rural life among the farmers, the downtrodden and the middle classes in his stories.The poor farmers, peasants or the lowly living in the villages who are victims of the oppression of the Chaudhrys and the landlords and who cannot do anything for their rights according to the whims of the people. He has tried to awaken the suppressed spark. These all factors have been discussed in his story Collection “Maas aor Mitti”.

Key Words:Muhammad Mansha Yaad, issues of Pakistani society, village situated in Punjab, Chaudhrys, landlords, “Maas aor Mitti”.